Empirical Investigation of the Impact of 3D Printing on Multiple Dimensions of Student Engagement in STEM Education
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Abstract
The present study employs Elastic Net Regression to empirically examine the impact of various variables, including the use of 3D Printing, on four distinct types of engagement (Behavioral, Cognitive, Emotional, and Tech). A total of 318 STEM students were involved in the study, and we estimated 4 models for each dimension of student engagement. The independent variables investigated include Attendance Rate, Class Participation, Assignment Completion Rate, Participation in Extracurricular Activities, Teacher-Student Interaction, Tangible Visualization with 3D Printing, External Stressors, and Class Size. In Behavioral Engagement model, our results showed that traditional metrics like Teacher-Student Interaction, Class Participation, and Attendance Rate had strong positive effects, while the impact of 3D Printing was neutral to positive. For Cognitive Engagement, 3D Printing showed a robust positive effect, comparable to that of Teacher-Student Interaction and Assignment Completion Rate. Emotional Engagement was primarily influenced by relational factors like Teacher-Student Interaction and Participation in Extracurricular Activities; 3D Printing had a neutral to positive effect. In the case of Tech Engagement, metrics like Assignment Completion Rate and Teacher-Student Interaction showed the most considerable positive impact, while 3D Printing showed a neutral to positive influence, specifically when the Learning Management System (LMS) supported Tangible Visualization tools. External Stressors were consistently negative across all types of engagement, while Class Size generally had a neutral to negative effect. The findings our study may contribute to the broader understanding of the factors affecting student engagement in STEM disciplines and provide initial empirical evidence of the potential benefits and limitations of integrating 3D Printing into STEM educational settings.
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Last updated: 05-02-2023