Liver Transplantation Outcomes: A Comparative Study of Immunosuppressive Protocols and Postoperative Complications

Abstract

Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure. However, long-term success is contingent upon the optimization of immunosuppressive protocols and effective management of postoperative complications. This study provides a comparative analysis of immunosuppressive regimens and their outcomes, focusing on graft survival, rejection rates, and the incidence of common complications such as infections, metabolic syndromes, and cardiovascular events. Using a retrospective cohort of liver transplant recipients over a ten-year period, we assessed the efficacy of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), mTOR inhibitors, and corticosteroid-based therapies. The study reveals significant differences in outcomes based on the type and intensity of immunosuppressive treatment, with specific protocols demonstrating superior efficacy in minimizing acute rejection episodes while balancing adverse effects. Furthermore, we explore the impact of postoperative complications on patient morbidity and mortality, identifying key risk factors and intervention strategies. The findings underscore the importance of individualized treatment plans and multidisciplinary care in enhancing the quality of life and survival rates of liver transplant patients. These insights contribute to the ongoing evolution of immunosuppressive strategies and highlight areas for future research and clinical innovation.