Investigating the Thermodynamics of Ionic Transport across Functionalized Membranes for Sustainable Energy Technologies

Abstract

The optimization of ionic transport across functionalized membranes stands as a critical focal point in the development of sustainable energy technologies, encompassing diverse applications ranging from fuel cells and batteries to advanced membrane-based separation processes. This research undertakes a comprehensive investigation into the intricate interplay between thermodynamics, ion-surface interactions, and membrane design to pave the way for more efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion and storage systems. The process of membrane functionalization, achieved through tailored surface modifications and incorporation of advanced nanomaterials, is explored to enhance membrane selectivity, conductivity, and stability. Central to this investigation is the examination of the thermodynamics governing ionic transport, encompassing Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy, and activation energy. By dissecting the energy landscape of ion movement, researchers gain insights into the driving forces and energy barriers, elucidating the roles of temperature, pressure, and concentration gradients in influencing transport phenomena. The Nernst equation and electrochemical potential emerge as crucial theoretical underpinnings, dictating the equilibrium voltage necessary to sustain ion movement across membranes. Emphasis is placed on understanding ion-selective membranes, where specific ions are selectively allowed passage, revolutionizing fields like fuel cells and desalination technologies. Computational models and simulations are harnessed to delve into molecular dynamics, thereby unraveling ion-surface interactions, diffusion mechanisms, and membrane structure effects. With direct implications for sustainable energy applications, the outcomes of this investigation transcend theoretical realms. The efficacy of fuel cells for electricity generation from hydrogen and oxygen, and the performance of batteries for energy storage, hinges upon optimized ion transport. Moreover, advancements in ion transport membranes are poised to reshape desalination processes and other separation technologies, promoting resource conservation. Challenges in the field encompass the delicate balance between selectivity and conductivity, comprehension of intricate ion-membrane interactions, and the quest for economical and durable membrane materials.